Three things the data shows
1. Compliance tracks a site's authority, not its niche
The cleanest predictor of a compliant disclosure wasn't the product category — it was what kind of site was publishing. Established review specialists and major media brands (Forbes, Consumer Reports, NerdWallet, Healthline, Cloudwards, Security.org, and the dedicated testing sites) almost uniformly placed a plain-language disclosure near the top, before the first recommendation. The failures clustered among general-interest media running affiliate commerce and lower-authority niche or aggregator sites. The single most FTC-risky pattern we saw: a brand or retailer publishing a supposedly "neutral" roundup that quietly links to its own store or undisclosed affiliate offers.
2. The problem is placement, not absence
Only 9% of assessable pages had no disclosure at all. The larger, quieter problem was the 16% that had one but buried it — almost always in the page footer or at the very bottom of a long article, below the first affiliate link. The wording was usually fine; the reader just never saw it in time. The FTC's "clear and conspicuous" standard is specifically about being seen before the reader can act on the recommendation, so a footer-only disclosure on a page whose first "buy" button is in paragraph two does not pass.
3. "More money in the niche" did not mean worse compliance
A tempting assumption is that the most heavily-monetized niches cut the most corners. The data didn't support it. Finance — credit cards and robo-advisors — had a disclosure on every page we could assess (zero omissions), likely driven by issuer and regulatory pressure, though several buried it in the footer. Web hosting, one of affiliate marketing's most lucrative niches, was the cleanest category sampled. The outright omissions were outliers in lower-authority consumer and lifestyle roundups.